Mouthwash adverts promise fresh breath, strong teeth and healthy gums. The truth is more modest: mouthwash can be a useful extra for some people, but it is never the foundation of a healthy mouth.

The main types of mouthwash

  • Fluoride rinses. Add extra cavity protection, useful for people who get cavities often, wear braces or have a dry mouth.
  • Antibacterial rinses. Ingredients such as chlorhexidine reduce bacteria. Dentists prescribe them for short periods, for example after gum treatment or surgery, because long-term use can stain teeth and alter taste.
  • Cosmetic rinses. These freshen breath and leave a pleasant taste but do not treat the cause of bad breath or protect against cavities.

How to use mouthwash well

  1. Brush and clean between your teeth first.
  2. Measure the amount on the label and swish for the recommended time (usually 30 to 60 seconds).
  3. Spit it out. Do not swallow it.
  4. If you use a fluoride mouthwash, use it at a different time from brushing (for example after lunch), so you do not rinse away the fluoride from your toothpaste.
  5. Avoid eating or drinking for about thirty minutes afterwards.

Who may benefit?

  • People prone to cavities, with a fluoride rinse
  • People with braces who find it hard to clean every surface
  • Those recovering from gum treatment or oral surgery, if your dentist recommends a specific rinse
  • People with a dry mouth, using an alcohol-free formula

When mouthwash is not the answer

If your breath stays unpleasant even after cleaning, a mouthwash is only masking the problem. Causes such as gum disease, cavities, a coated tongue, dry mouth or tonsil stones need to be found and treated. Read our guide to what causes bad breath.

Likewise, bleeding or swollen gums call for professional care, not just a rinse. Our periodontal care can identify what is going on.

Home-made rinses

A simple warm salt-water rinse (half a teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water) can soothe irritated gums or mouth ulcers for a day or two. It is not a substitute for dental treatment, and it should not be swallowed.