You may hear your dentist talk about plaque and tartar as if they are the same thing. They are related, but they are not the same, and the difference explains why a professional cleaning is part of good dental care.
What is plaque?
Plaque is a soft, sticky, colourless or pale-yellow film of bacteria that forms on teeth continuously. After you eat, the bacteria feed on sugars and starches and produce acids that attack enamel and irritate gums. Plaque can be removed effectively by brushing twice a day and cleaning between your teeth once a day.
What is tartar?
If plaque is not removed, minerals in saliva harden it into tartar (also called calculus) within a few days. Tartar is yellow, brown or even dark and sits along the gumline and behind the lower front teeth. It has a rough surface, which attracts more plaque. Once tartar has formed, no toothbrush can remove it.
Why is tartar a problem?
- It irritates gums, causing redness, swelling and bleeding
- It makes it easier for plaque to build up
- It contributes to bad breath
- It can lead to gum disease and, over time, bone loss around the teeth
What happens in a professional cleaning?
- Examination. The dentist checks your teeth and gums and how much build-up is present.
- Scaling. Plaque and tartar are removed from above and just below the gumline, using ultrasonic and hand instruments.
- Polishing. A fine polishing paste smooths the surfaces and removes surface stains from tea, coffee or tobacco.
- Advice. You receive tailored guidance for your home care. Sometimes fluoride is applied.
When there is deeper infection around the gums, a more extensive “deep cleaning” may be needed, and we explain this in our article on gum disease stages.
How often should you have one?
About every six months suits most people. If you build up tartar quickly, smoke, have gum disease or wear braces, you may be advised to come more often. See how often to visit the dentist.
After your cleaning
Your gums may be slightly tender and teeth sensitive for a day or two. Brush gently, use a sensitivity toothpaste if needed and keep up your home care. You can book a cleaning with our preventive care service.